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Yosef Chaim (1 September 1835 – 30 August 1909) (Iraqi Hebrew: Yoseph Ḥayyim; Hebrew: יוסף חיים מבגדאד) was a leading ''hakham'' (Sephardi Rabbi), authority on ''halakha'' (Jewish law), and Master Kabbalist. He is best known as author of the work on Halakha ''Ben Ish Ḥai'' (בן איש חי) ("Son of Man (who) Lives"), a collection of the laws of everyday life interspersed with mystical insights and customs, addressed to the masses and arranged by the weekly Torah portion. ==Biography== Rav Yosef Chaim was born in Baghdad, Iraq, where his father, ''Hakham'' Eliyahu Chaim, was the active leader of the Jewish community. Yosef Chaim's talents were evident from a young age (composing an anonymous responsum at age 14). When he was 7 years old he fell into a pit and was very close to dying. He initially studied in his father's library, and, at the age of 10, he left ''midrash'' ("school room") and began to study with his uncle, Rav David Chai Ben Meir who later founded the Shoshanim LeDavid Yeshiva in Jerusalem. In 1851, he married Rachel, the sister of Hakham Ovadia Somekh, his prime mentor. They had a daughter and two sons together. When Yosef Chaim was only twenty-five years old, his father died. Despite his youth, the Jews of Baghdad accepted him to fill his father's place as the leading rabbinic scholar of Baghdad, though he never filled the official position of ''Hakham Bashi.'' He was widely accepted as an authority on Jewish law throughout the Middle East, and his decisions were considered to be authoritative, even outside Sephardi communities. The Sephardic Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem, was founded on his advice by Joseph Shalom, of Calcutta, India—one of Rabbi Chaim's patrons. Chaim clashed with the reformist Bavarian Jewish scholar Jacob Obermeyer who lived in Baghdad from 1869 to 1880, and excommunicated him.〔Reuven Snir, 'Religion Is for God, the Fatherland Is for Everyone: Arab-Jewish Writers in Modern Iraq and the Clash of Narratives after Their Immigration to Israel', ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', 126/3 (2006), 379–99 Rav Yosef Chaim was buried in Baghdad, but there is also a grave attributed to him on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. Some of his known students are Rabbi Yehuda Fatiyah, Rabbi Yehoshua Sharabani, Rabbi Yehuda Tzadka, Rabbi Ben Zion Abba Shaul, Rabbi Yisrael Abuhatzeira and Rabbi Mordechai Sharabi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yosef Hayyim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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